The Last Journey with no Return and Resurrection: Different Ways of Body and Soul in Slavic Funeral Rite. Part Two: The Route of the Soul

DOI: 10.33876/2311-0546/2025-1/210-225

Authors

  • Maria Andrunina the Russian Academy of Sciences N. N. Miklouho-Maklay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology

Keywords:

soul, body, death, way, funeral, remembrance, inversion, reincarnation

Abstract

universe and visits the home occasionally. First, it persistently stays at home, but with time it comes back less and less often, moves to the periphery of living space, coming farther and farther to the world of the dead, and eventually becomes one of the ancestors. The journey of the corpse to the cemetery also shared with the soul must be without return, transgressed by no one, and different from the roads of living thus preventing death from returning. On the contrary, the soul of the dead is expected to return to take part in remembrance rites, where the fates and shares of the living and the dead are measured and divided and mutually beneficial communication is held.  In spring souls of the departed also visit the living relatives, coming back from the dead with the waking nature, returning birds, and reviving herbs. The ultimate return of the soul comes with the reincarnation to a newborn baby, young animal, bird, or even tree. That is the crucial difference between the roads of funeral and remembrance rites designed for various parts of personal metaphysical union: the soul and the body.

Author Biography

  • Maria Andrunina, the Russian Academy of Sciences N. N. Miklouho-Maklay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology

    Andrunina, Maria A. — Ph.D. in Philology, Researcher, the Russian Academy of Sciences N. N. Miklouho-Maklay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology (Moscow, Russian Federation). E-mail: mary-andr@mail.ru

    For citation: Andrunina, M. A. 2025. The Last Journey with no Return and Resurrection: Different Ways of Body and Soul in Slavic Funeral Rite. Part Two: The Route of the Soul. Herald of Anthropology (Vestnik Antropologii) 1: 210–225.

    Funding: The study was carried out as a part of the research plan of the Russian Academy of Sciences N. N. Miklouho-Maklay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology.

    References
    1. Adamowski, J. 1999. Kategoria przestrzeni w folklorze. Studium etnolingwistyczne [The Category of Space in Folklore. Ethnolinguistic Study]. Lublin: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. 254 p.
    2. Anuchin, D. 1890. Sani, lad'ia i koni kak prinadlezhnost' pokhoronnogo obriada Arkheologo-etnograficheskii etiud [The Sledge, the Boat and Horses as Items of Funeral. Archeological-ethnographic essay]. Moscow. 146 p. (Drevnosti. Trudy Moskovskogo Arheologicheskogo obshchestva. Vol. 14).
    3. Afanasev, A. N. 1861. Zametki o zagrobnoi zhizni po slavianskim predaniiam [The Notes on Afterlife according the Slavic Tales]. In Arkhiv istoricheskikh i prakticheskikh svedenii, otnosiashchikhsia do Rossii, izdavaemyi N. Kalachovym [Archive of Historical and Practical Information Relating to Russia, ed. by N. Kalachov]. Vol. 3. Saint Petersburg. 3–21.
    4. Afanasev, A. N. 1995. Poeticheskie vozzreniia slavian na prirodu. Opyt sravnitel'nogo izucheniia slavianskikh predanii i verovanii v sviazi s mificheskimi skazaniiami drugikh rodstvennykh narodov [The Poetic Views of Slavs Towards Nature. The Attempt of Comparative Studies of Slavic Tales and Beliefs in Connotaion with Mythology of Other Relative Notions]. Moscow, 1865–1869. Vol. 1–3. Reprint. Moscow: Sovremenii pisatel’. Vol. 1. 411 p.; Vol. 2. 396 p.; Vol. 3. 414 p.
    5. Baiburin, A. K. 1983. Zhilishche v obriadakh i predstavleniiakh vostochnykh slavian [The Dwelling in Rites and Views of Eastern Slavs]. Leningrad: Nauka. 188 p.
    6. Biegeleisen, H. 1930. Śmierć w obrzędach, zwyczajach i wierzeniach ludu polskiego [The Death in Rites, Customs and Beliefs of Polish People]. Warsaw: Dom Książki Polskiej Spółka AKC. 344 p.
    7. Dobrovolskaia, V. E. 2005. Suevernye predstavleniia, sviazannye s perekhodom v mir mertvykh. Na materiale regionov Russkogo Severa i Tsentral'noi Rossii [Superstitious Notions Connected with the Transition to the World of the Dead. On the Data from Russian North and Central Russia]. In Slavianskaia traditsionnaia kul'tura i sovremennyi mir. Sbornik materialov nauchnoi konferentsii [Slavic Traditional Culture and the Modern World. Collection of Proceedings of the Scientific Conference], ed. by A. S. Kargin. Moscow: Gosudarstvennyi respublikanskii tsentr russkogo fol'klora. Vol. 8. 107–119.
    8. Dworakowski, S. 1935. Zwyczaje rodzinne w powiecie Wysoko-Mazowieckim [Family Rites in Mazovian Province]. Warsaw: Nakł. Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego. 191 p.
    9. Konobrodska, V. 2007. Polis'kij pohoval'nij i pominal'ni obryadi [Polesyan Funeral and Remembrance Rites]. In Etnolingvistichni studiї [Ethnolinguistic Studies]. Vol. 1. Zhitomir: Polissya. 356 p.
    10. Kotula F. 1962. Z Sandomierskiej puszczy (gawędy kulturowo-obyczajowe). [From the Sandomierz Forest (Tales of Culture and Customs)]. Kraków: Wydawnictwo literackie. 264 p.
    11. Kremleva, I. A. 1993. Pokhoronno-pominal'nye obriady u russkikh: traditsii i sovremennost' [The Funeral-remembrance Rites of Russians: Traditions and Contemporaneity]. In Pokhoronno-pominal'nye obychai i obriady [Funeral and Memorial Customs and Rites], ed. by Z. P. Sokolova, and I. A. Kremleva. Moscow: IEA RAN. 8–47.
    12. Kuharonak, T. I. 1990. Syamejnaya abradnasc' belarusaỹ [The Family Rites of Belorussians]. In Syam’ya і syamejny byt belarusaỹ [Family and Family Life of Belarusians], ed. by V. K. Bandarchyk, G. M. Kurylovіch, L. V. Rakava, et. al. Minsk: Navuka і tekhnіka. 189–249.
    13. Listova, T. A. 1993. Pokhoronno-pominal'nye obychai russkikh (na materialakh Pskovskoi i Smolenskoi oblastei) [The Funeral-remembrance Rites of Russians (on the Data from Pskov and Smolensk Provinces)]. In Pokhoronno-pominal'nye obychai i obriady [Funeral and Memorial Customs and Rites], ed. by Z. P. Sokolova, and I. A. Kremleva. Moscow: IEA RAN. 48–83.
    14. Loginov, K. K. 1993. Semeinye obriady i verovaniia russkikh Zaonezh'ia [Family Customs and Beliefs of Zaonegie Russians]. Petrozavodsk: Karel'skii nauchnyi tsentr RAN. 229 p.
    15. Nevskaia, L. G. 1980. Semantika dorogi i smezhnykh predstavlenii v pogrebal'nom obriade [The Semantics of Road and Corresponding Notions in the Funeral Rite]. In Struktura teksta [The Structure of the Text], ed. by T. V. Tsiv'ian. Moscow: Nauka. 228–239.
    16. Nevskaia, L. G. 1990. Balto-slavianskoe prichitanie: Rekonstruktsiia semanticheskoi struktury [The Baltic-Slavic Keens: Reconstruction of the Semantic Structure]. In Issledovaniia v oblasti balto-slavianskoi dukhovnoi kul'tury. Pogrebal'nyi obriad [Studies in the Field of Balto-Slavic Spiritual Culture. Funeral Rites], ed. by V. V. Ivanov, and L.G. Nevskaia. Moscow: Nauka. 135–146.
    17. Plotnikova, A. A. 2013. Semantika «naoborot» v yazyke slavyanskoi pokhoronnoi obriadnosti [The Semantics of “Vice Versa” in the Language of Slavic Funeral]. In Ethnolinguistica Slavica. K 90-letiiu akademika N. I. Tolstogo [Ethnolinguistica Slavica. To the 90th Anniversary of Academician N. I. Tolstoy], ed. by S. M. Tolstaia. Moscow: Indrik. 92–100.
    18. Sedakova, O. A. 1990. Tema «doli» v pogrebal'nom obriade (vostochno-yuzhnoslavianskii material) [The Notion of “Share” in Funeral Rite (Eastern and Southern Slavic Data)]. In Issledovaniia v oblasti balto-slavianskoi dukhovnoi kul'tury. Pogrebal'nyi obriad [Studies in the Field of Balto-Slavic Spiritual Culture. Funeral Rites], ed. by V.V. Ivanov, and L. G. Nevskaia. Moscow: Nauka. 54–63.
    19. Sedakova, O. A. 2004. Poetika obriada. Pogrebal'naia obriadnost' vostochnykh i iuzhnykh slavian [The Rite’s Poetics. Funeral Customs of Eastern and Southern Slavs]. Moscow: Indrik. 320 p.
    20. Shepping, D. R. 1889. Dokhristianskoe vozzrenie cheloveka na smert' i zagrobnuiu zhizn' [Pre-christian Notions of Death and Afterlife]. Moscow: Tipo-litografiia Vysochaishe utverzhdennogo tovarishestva I. N. Kushnerev i Ko. 28 p.
    21. Skowronek, I. 1970. Zwyczaje i obrzedy rodzinne [Family Rites and Customs]. In Monografia powiatu Myślenickiego. Vol. II. Kultura ludowa [Monograph of Myślenice County. Vol. II. Folk culture], ed. by R. Reinfuss. Kraków: Wydawnictwo literackie. 233–257.
    22. Stefaniuk, M. 2005. Śmierć i pogrzeb u Polaków zamieszkujących rumuńską Bukowinę [The Death and Funeral of the Polish in Romanian Bukovina]. Twórczość Ludowa. Kwartalnik stowarzyszenia twórców ludowych R. XX 1–4 (60): 80–88.
    23. Tolstaia, S. M. 2008. Prostranstvo slova. Leksicheskaia semantika v obshcheslavianskoi perspektive [The Space of the Word. Lexical Semantics in Common Slavic Perspective]. Moscow: Indrik. 528 p.
    24. Tolstoi, N. I. 1995. Yazyk i narodnaia kul'tura. Ocherki po slavyanskoj mifologii i etnolingvistike [The Language and Traditional Culture. The Essays on Slavic Mythology and Ethnolinguistic]. Moscow: Indrik. 512 p.
    25. Zavoiko, G. K. 1914. Verovaniia, obriady i obychai velikorossov Vladimirskoi gubernii [Beliefs, Rites and Customs of Great Russians in Vladimir Province]. Etnograficheskoje obozrenije 3–4: 81–178.
    26. Zelenin, D. K. 1991. Vostochnoslavyanskaia etnografiia [Eastern Slavic Ethnography]. Moscow: Nauka. 511 p.

Published

15.03.2025