Socio-cultural adaptation and integration of migrants in Russia: on the issue of intercultural interaction

DOI: 10.33876/2311-0546/2020-52-4/136-152

Abstract

The article examines conceptual approaches, practical steps, weaknesses and positive innovations in the implementation of the State Migration Policy and the State National Policy of the Russian Federation in relation to adaptation and integration of migrants. The article studies the nature of interaction between migrants and the host Russian society and its impact on adaptation and integration processes. It analyzes the perception of cultural differences among young people (based on the results of research done in schools and universities in Moscow). The majority of Russians are not inclined to actively interact with foreign-cultural migrants, which is an obstacle to successful integration of migrants. The potential for successful integration processes is observed in the educational environment.

Despite the fact that our country currently lacks full-fledged conditions for successful integration of migrants, positive changes have been taking place in the past few years. If earlier state institutions performed functions primarily for the social adaptation of migrants (administrative and legal aspect), now the authorities are increasing support for non-profit organizations that work on adaptation and integration of migrants into the host society; the best practices of the public sector, which has always understood the importance of implementing projects aimed at close interaction between migrants and the local community, are supported and disseminated.

References

1. Arutyunyan, Yu.V. 2005. O potentsiale mezhethnicheskoi integratsii v moskovskom megapolise [On the potential of interethnic integration in the Moscow megapolis]. Sociological research 1: 26–40.
2. Berry J., Y. Poortiga, M. Segall, P. Dasen. 2002. Cross-cultural Psychology: Research and Applications / 2nd edition. Oxford University Press.
3. Berry, J.W. 2001. Akkulturatsiya I psikhologicheskaya adaptatsiya [Acculturation and psychological adaptation: an overview of the problem]. Personal development 3–4: 189–192.
4. Dmitriev, A.V., and G.A. Pyadukhov. 2006.Ethnicheskie gruppy trudyaschihsya migrantov v megapolise i prinimayuschee obschestvo: vzaimodeistvie, napryazhennost i konflikty [Ethnic groups of migrant workers and host society: interaction, tension, conflicts]. Sociological research 9: 94.
5. Dmitriev, A.V., and G.A. Pyadukhov. 2013. Integratsiya trudovykh migrantov v megapolise: localnye modeli, context identichnosti (vetodologiya i metody issledovaniya) [Integration of labor migrants in the megalopolis: local models, identity context (methodology and research methods)]. Sociological research 5: 51.
6. Drach, G.V., and T.P. Matyash. 2001. Kulturologiya: kratkiy tematicheskiy slovar [Kulturology: a brief thematic dictionary]. Rostov n/D: Feniks.
7. Drobot, G.A. 2012.Globalnaya migratsiya: factory, posledstviya, regulirovanie, diaspory [Global migration: factors, consequences, regulation, diasporas] Social and humanitarian knowledge. 2: 152–170. Moscow.
8. Karlov, V.V. 2017. Faktor frustratsii v istorii mezhethnicheskikh konfliktov v Rossii ot nachala XX veka do nashikh dnei [Factor of frustration in the history of interethnic conflicts in Russia from the beginning of the XX century to the present day]. In Vlast', informatsionnye tekhnologii, massovoe soznanie: osnovnye tendentsii sovremennogo politicheskogo razvitiia [Power, information technologies, mass consciousness: main trends of modern political development], ed. by A.Yu. Polunova, 5. Moscow: ARGAMAK-MEDIA.
9. Kolesnikova, Yu.N. 2014. Problemy obrazovaniya i adaptatsii detei-migrantov v Germanii [Problems of education and adaptation of migrant children in Germany]. In Sotsial'no-kul'turnaia adaptatsiia i integratsiia migrantskoi molodezhi k polikul'turnomu obrazovatel'nomu prostranstvu. Problemy, poiski, resheniia. Materialy Tret'ei regional'noi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii v ramkakh III Mezhdunarodnogo nauchno-prakticheskogo foruma "Chelovek, sem'ia i obshchestvo' [Socio-cultural adaptation and integration of migrant youth to a multicultural educational space. Problems, searches, solutions. Materials of the Third regional scientific and practical conference in the framework of the III International scientific and practical forum “Man, family and society”], Krasnoyarsk.
10. Makarov, A.Ya. 2010a. Sociokulturnaya adaptatsia detei migrantov v obrazovatelnoi srede (na primere moskovskogo megapolisa) [Socio-Cultural adaptation of migrant children in the educational environment (on the example of the Moscow metropolis)]: PhD diss.
11. Makarov, A.Ya. 2010b. Osobennosti ethnokulturnoi adaptatsii detei migrantov v moscovskikh shkolakh [Features of ethno-cultural adaptation of migrant children in Moscow schools] Sociological research 8: 95–101.
12. Martynova, M.Yu. 1998. Politika gosudarst Evropy v sphere zaschity prav ethnicheskikh menshinstv [Policy of European States in the sphere of protection of the rights of ethnic minorities]. In Etnicheskie problemy i politika gosudarstv Evropy [Ethnic problems and politics of European States], edited by M. Yu. Martynova, N.N. Gratsianskaia, 8–39. Moscow: IEA RAS.
13. Mukomel, V.I. 2005. Sociokulturnye aspekty integratsii / segregatsii inoethnichnykh migrantov v rossiiski sotsium [Sociocultural aspects of integration / segregation of non-ethnic migrants in the Russian society]. In Migratsionnaia politika Rossii: Postsovetskie konteksty [Migration policy of Russia: Post-Soviet contexts]. Moscow.
14. Mukomel, V.I. 2013. Adaptatsiya i integratsiya migrantov [Adaptation and integration of migrants] In Migratsiia v Rossii 2000–2012. Khrestomatiia [Migration in Russia 2000-2012. The anthology], edited by I.S. Ivanov. In 3 volumes, Vol. 1, Ch. 2. Moscow: Spetskniga.
15. Omelchenko, E.A. 2019. Integratsiya detei iz semei inoethnichnykh migrantov v rossiiskoe obschestvo: teoriya ii praktika v realiyakh sovremennoi sistemy obrazovaniya: dissertatsiya … doktora istoricheskikh nauk: 07.00.07 [Integration of children from families of non-ethnic migrants into Russian society: theory and practice in the realities of the modern education system: dissertation ... doctor of historical Sciences: 07.00.07]. Moscow: Institute of Ethnology and anthropology RAS.
16. Proskuryakova, O.L. 2007. Adaptatsiya migrantov kak socialnyi protsess [Adaptation of migrants as a social process]. Bulletin of Omsk state University 4: 59.
17. Radcliffe-Brown, A.R. 2001. Struktura I funktsia v primitivnom obschestve. Ocherki i lektsii [Structure and function in primitive society. Essays and lectures]. Moscow: Eastern literature.
18. Sukhov, A.N., S.A. Trukhanov. Migratsiya v Evrope ii ee posledstviya: ucheb. Posobie 2-e izd., stereotip [Migration in Europe and its consequences : studies'. Stipend. 2nd edition, stereotype]. Moscow: Flinta; MPSI.
19. Tishkov V.A., V.V. Stepanov, N.A. Baryshnaya, O.V. Kulbachevskaya, A.V. Martynenko, E.P. Martynova, K.S. Mokin, O.N. Podlesnykh, I.S. Savin, A.V. Chernykh. 2019. Migratsiya i mezhnatsionalnye otnosheniya: resurs gosudarstvenno-oschestvennogo partnerstva v Rossii [Migration and ethnic relations: a resource for state-public partnership in Russia], edited by V.A. Tishkov and V.V. Stepanov. Moscow: IEA RAS.
20. Ushakova, S.S. 2014. Sotsiokulturnaya adaptatsia ethnicheskikh migrantov i ikh detei v polikulturnom prostranstve megapolisa (na materialakh goroda Moscvy) [Sociocultural adaptation of ethnic migrants and their children in the multicultural space of the megalopolis (based on the materials of the city of Moscow)]. Kommunikologiya, Vol. 4. No. 2.
21. Yakimov, A.N. (author-compiler), and B.L. Panich (ed.). 2018. Adaptatsia i integratsiya migrantov [Adaptation and integration of migrants. Collection of effective practices]. Saint Petersburg: «L-PRINT».