Aboriginal entrepreneurship in Russia: resources, technologies and social institutes

Doi:10.33876/2311-0546/2019-46-2/5-18

Abstract

Aboriginal entrepreneurship is seen as a new form of social organization. Economic activity in the enterprises of indigenous peoples is based on family and kinship ties, and focuses on traditional use of nature, as well as on the knowledge and culture of the peoples of the North.
Therefore, their entrepreneurship is limited by the traditional lifestyle, which is based on reindeer breeding, hunting, fishing, and gathering. The government authorities adopt laws and programs aimed at the preservation of the traditional lifestyle of indigenous peoples, but not at the development of free enterprise. Indigenous people offer the strategy of modern development, which is based on original culture and new social institutes. The author analyzes enterprises of Sakhalin (fishery), Yamal-Nenets AO (reindeer breeding) and Khanty-Mansi autonomous areas (cultural business, tourism) and considers the factors influencing development of native business and its place in modern market economy.

References

1. Barsukova, S.Yu. 2004. Retsiproknye vzaimodejstviya. Sushhnost’, funktsii, spetsifika [Retsiprokny interactions. Essence, functions, specifics]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya: 20–30.
2. Glebova, E.V. 2010. Metamorfozy ryb’ej kozhi. [Metamorphoses of fish skin], Khabarovsk, Omega-Press.
3. Gogolev, P.V. 2014. Konstitutsionno-pravovye osnovy gosudarstvennoj politiki v otnoshenii korennykh malochislennykh narodov Severa, Sibiri i Dal’nego Vostoka [Constitutional and legal bases of state policy on indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and Far East ]. Moscow: Izd-vo MGU.
4. Kryazhkov, V.А. 2016. Pravo korennykh malochislennykh narodov na traditsionnoe prirodopol’zovanie (na primere okhoty) [The right of indigenous peoples for traditional environmental management (on the example of hunting)]. Gosudarstvo i parvo 11: 32–42.
5. Pika, А.I., and B.B. Prokhorova (eds). 1994. Neotraditsionalizm na Rossijskom Severe [Neotraditionalism in the Russian North]. Moscow.
6. Novikova, N.I. 2017. Kollektivnoe pravo korennykh narodov na samobytnoe razvitie: kul’turnaya tsennost’ ili konflikt interesov [Collective right of indigenous peoples to original development: cultural value or conflict of interests]. Kollektivnye prava ehtnicheskikh soobshhestv: problemy teorii i praktiki [Collective rights of ethnic communities: problems of theory and practice], edited by Yu.V. Popkov, I.S. Tarbastaeva, 110–120. Novosibirsk: IFPR SO RАN.
7. Novikova, N.I. 2010. Transformirovannye identichnosti: mezhdu trudom i pravom [The transformed identities: between work and the right]. EHtnokul’turnoe nasledie narodov Severa Rossii: K yubileyu doktora istoricheskikh nauk, professora Z.P. Sokolovoj [Ethnocultural heritage of the peoples of the North of Russia: To the anniversary of the Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Z.P. Sokolova], edited by E.А. Pivneva, 255–268. Moscow.
8. Novikova, N.I. 2014. Okhotniki i neftianiki. Issledovaniia po iuridicheskoi antropologii [Hunters and oil industry workers. Researches on legal anthropology]. Moscow: Nauka.
9. Tishkov, V.A. (ed) 2004. Sovremennoe polozhenie i perspektivy razvitiya malochislennykh narodov Severa, Sibiri i Dal’nego Vostoka [Modern situation and prospects of development of small peoples of the North, Siberia and Far East ]. Nezavisimyj ehkspertnyj doklad. Moscow.
10. Yurova, O.V., and A.F. Moskovtsev. 2008. Ponyatie predprinimatel’stva: edinstvo istoricheskogo i logicheskogo [Concept of business: unity historical and logical]. Rossijskoe predprinimatel’stvo 10–1 (120): 4–9.