EDUCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL ASPECTS OF PROVIDING HEALTH CARE

Abstract

The article discusses the problem of training and employment opportunities of integrative practitioners (consultants) in the field of medical anthropology and bioethics in Russia. As far as education of researchers is concerned, the article dwells on the issue of defending of theses and receiving academic degrees in medical anthropology and bioethics. The author suggests introducing courses in bioethics, medical ethics, deontology, history of medicine, medical anthropology (including lectures on various therapeutic and prophylactic traditional medical systems (TMS), practices of traditional medicine and folk medicine) to medical students. One of the important issues addressed  in the text is development of professional standards and inclusion of such auxiliary professions as a specialist (consultant) in the field of cultural and ethical competencies, medical anthropologist, bioethicist in the All-Russian Classifier of Occupations of Workers, Employee and Tariff Categories (OKPDTR). These professions are important both for the improvement of the health care system and other spheres, for example, non-conventional medicine, education, social work.

References

• Atlas novykh professii (2014) [Atlas of new professions] M.: ASI, Skolkovo (http://asi.ru/upload/iblock/d69/Atlas.pdf).
• Balalykin D.A., Mikhailovska-Karlova E.P., Gorelova L.E. (2012) Bioeticheskii praktikum: uchebnoe posobie [Bioethical Workshop: A Training Manual], M.: Litterra.
• Berebin M.A., Sinitskii I.V. (2012) Status klinicheskoi (meditsinskoi) psikhologii v zdravookhranenii za rubezhom, v Rossii i v Ukraine: problemy i real’nost’. Vestnik Iuzhno-Ural’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, Seriia: Psikhologiia [The status of clinical (medical) psychology in health care abroad, in Russia and in Ukraine: problems and reality. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series: Psychology.], No 45 (304), p. 67–75.
• Bioetika. Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurna [BIOETHICS. Scientific and practical journal] (http://www.volgmed.ru/ru/journ/browse/bioethics).
• Bioetika i gumanitarnaia ekspertiza. Ezhegodnyi sbornik nauchnykh statei [Bioethics and humanitarian expertise. The annual collection of scientific articles (edited by FG ​​Maleynov], Ed. by F.G. Maleinova (http://iph.ras.ru/bioeth.htm).
• Bioeticheskii forum (Bioethical Forum, web-site) (http://www.bioethics.ru/).
• VGMU, kaf. filosofii, bioetiki i prava [Volgograd State Medical University, Department of philosophy, bioethics and law] (http://www.volgmed.ru/ru/depts/list/16).
• Vseobshchaia deklaratsiia o bioetike i pravakh cheloveka (2006) Organizatsiia Ob”edinennykh Natsii po voprosam obrazovaniia, nauki i kul’tury, Otdel etiki nauki i tekhnologii, Sektor sotsial’nykh i gumanitarnykh nauk [Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (2006) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Division of Ethics of Science and Technology, Sector of Social and Human Sciences] (http://www.docme.ru/doc/928322/vseobshhaya-deklaraciya-o-bioe-tike-i-pravah-cheloveka). (IuNESKO: www.unesco.org/shs/ethics SHS/EST/BIO/06/1).
• Dobkin de Rios M., Rakovskii T. (2012) Meditsinskaia antropologiia kak nauchnoe napravlenie v Rossii i na Zapade [Medical anthropology as a scientific direction in Russia and in the West], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, No. 3(1) (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=1032).
• Donika A.D., Sergeeva N.V. (2011) Pervoe rossiiskoe periodicheskoe izdanie v oblasti bioetiki [The first Russian periodical in the field of bioethics], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, No. 2 (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=1020).
• Ermolaeva G.I., Meshcheriakova T.V. (2005) Kurs lektsii po bioetike. Uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie [The course of lectures on bioethics. Teaching-methodical manual], Tomsk.
• Klassifikatsiia dolzhnostei v meditsinskikh i obrazovatel’nykh uchrezhdeniiakh [Classification of positions in medical and educational institutions]
•  (http://www.audit-it.ru/articles/account/otrasl/a90/43893.html) (03.09.2015).
• Kurlenkova A.S. (2013) Meditsinskaia antropologiia i bioetika v SShA i Rossii: istoriograficheskii i sotsiokul’turnyi analiz. Diss. … kand. istoricheskikh nauk [Medical Anthropology and Bioethics in the US and Russia: Historiographic and Sociocultural Analysis. Candidate of Science Thesis], M.: IEA RAN.
• Kurlenkova A.S. (2013a) Bioetika v rossiiskoi kul’ture: mneniia ekspertov [Bioethics in Russian Culture: Expert Opinions], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, № 5(1) (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=1156).
• Kurlenkova A.S. (2011) Bioetika i meditsinskaia praktika (analiz klinicheskoi situatsii) [Bioethics and clinical practice (analysis of the clinical situation),], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, № 1 (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=402).
• Kurlenkova A.S., Gaines A.D. (2011a) Ob antropologii biomeditsiny i «kul’turnoi bioetike» [“On anthropology of biomedicine and cultural bioethics”], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, № 2 (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=973).
• Kurlenkova A.S., Loo S. (2011) Programma trenirovki spetsialistov po bioetike Mezhdunarodnogo Tsentra Fogarti (Natsional’nyi institut zdorov’ia, SShA) [Training program for bioethics specialists at the International Fogarty Center (National Institutes of Health, USA)], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, No. 2 (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=1004).
• MGMSU im. A.I. Evdokimova, kafedra filosofii, biomedetiki i gumanitarnykh nauk [Evdokimov Moscow State Medical Dentistry University, web-site] (http://www.msmsu.ru/subfaculty/single/11); (http://philosophy-msmsu.narod.ru/Index.html)
• Meditsinskaia antropologiia, problemy, metody, issledovatel’skoe pole (2015) Sb. statei [Medical anthropology, problems, methods, research field, collection of articles]. V.I. Kharitonova (ed.), In-t etnologii i antropologii RAN im. N.N. Miklukho-Maklaia; Assotsiatsiia meditsinskikh antropologov. M.: OOO «Publisiti», (Trudy po meditsinskoi antropologii) [(Works on medical anthropology)].
• Mikhel’ D.V. (2009) Bolezn’ i vsemirnaia istoriia: ucheb. posob. dlia studentov i aspirantov [Disease and World History: A Textbook for students], Saratov: Nauchnaia kniga.
• Mikhel’ D.V. (2010) Sotsial’naia antropologiia meditsinskikh sistem: meditsinskaia antropologiia: ucheb. posob. dlia studentov [Social Anthropology of Medical Systems: Medical Anthropology: Textbook for students.], Saratov, Novyi Proekt.
• Mikhel’ D.V. (2010a) Sotsial’naia antropologiia zdorov’ia i reproduktsii: meditsinskaia antropologiia: ucheb. posob. dlia studentov [Social Anthropology of Health and Reproduction: Medical Anthropology: Textbook for students], Saratov, Novyi Proekt.
• Mikhel’ D.V. (2010b) Istoriia sotsial’noi antropologii (meditsinskaia antropologiia): ucheb. posob. dlia studentov [The history of social anthropology (medical anthropology): Textbook for students], Saratov: Nauchnaia kniga.
• Mikhel’ D.V. (2012) Khezel Veidman i vozniknovenie meditsinskoi antropologii v SShA (k piatidesiatiletiiu obrazovaniia Obshchestva meditsinskoi antropologii) [Hazel Weidman and the emergence of medical anthropology in the United States (on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Society for Medical Anthropology)], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, No. 4(2) (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=1151).
• Mikhel’ D.V. (2013) Programma kursa «Meditsinskaia antropologiia» sotsial’no-gumanitarnogo fakul’teta Saratovskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta [Program of the course “Medical Anthropology” of the Social and Humanitarian Faculty of the Saratov State Technical University], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, № 5(1). (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=1293).
• Moiseev V.I., Pliutto P.A. (2011) Biomeditsinskaia etika: uchebnoe posobie [Biomedical Ethics: A Training Manual], SPb.: Mir”.
• Obshcherossiiskim klassifikatorom professii rabochikh, dolzhnostei sluzhashchikh i tarifnykh razriadov (OKPDTR) [All-Russian classifier of occupations of workers, positions of employees and tariff grades] (http://small-biznes.com/okpdtr-klassifikator-2015-goda-s-rasshifrovkoy.html).
• Ozhiganova A.A. Antropologiia i meditsina: perspektivy vzaimodeistviia (diskussiia 1980-kh – 2000-kh godov), Etnograficheskoe obozrenie [Anthropology and medicine: perspectives of interaction (discussion of the 1980s – 2000s), Ethnographic Review], № 3, p. 10–21.
• Osnovy sotsial’noi kontseptsii Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi (XI. Zdorov’e lichnosti i naroda; XII. Osnovy bioetiki) [Fundamentals of the social concept of the Russian Orthodox Church (XI., Health of the Individual and the People, XII., Fundamentals of Bioethics)] (http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/141422.html).
• Pervyi MGMU im. I.M. Sechenova, kafedra filosofii i bioetiki [The first Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov, Department of Philosophy and Bioethics]
• (http://www.mma.ru/education/faculties/lech/cath/philo/employees/).
• Piterskaia E.S. (2011) Meditsinskaia antropologiia kak odno iz prioritetnykh napravlenii raboty universiteta sht. Kaliforniia v Berkli (obzor obrazovatel’nykh programm) [Medical anthropology as one of the priority directions of the university work pcs. California in Berkeley (review of educational programs)], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, № 1 (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=745).
• Piterskaia E.S. (2011a) Antropologiia soznaniia i meditsinskaia antropologiia: peresechenie interesov ili vozmozhnosti vzaimodeistviia, Etnograficheskoe obozrenie [Anthropology of consciousness and medical anthropology: intersection of interests or possibilities of interaction, Ethnographic Review], № 3, p. 21–31.
• Popovkina G.S.  (2012) Kruglyi stol «Meditsinskaia antropologiia v sisteme akademicheskoi nauki i vysshei shkoly» (18 noiabria 2011 g., Vladivostok) [Round Table “Medical Anthropology in the System of Academic Science and Higher School” (November 18, 2011, Vladivostok)], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, № 3(1) (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=1047).
• RNIMU im. N.I. Pirogova, kafedra bioetiki [Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Department of Bioethics] (http://rsmu.ru/331.html).
• Rossiiskii komitet po bioetike [Russian Committee on Bioethics] (http://www.bioethics.ru/rus/rucommittee/).
• Sedova N.N. (2011) Kak luchshe izuchat’ bioetiku [How to better study bioethics], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, № 2 (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=1012).
• Siluianova I.V. (1997) Bioetika v Rossii: tsennosti i zakony [Bioethics in Russia: Values ​​and Laws], M.
• Siluianova I.V. (2008) Rukovodstvo po etiko-pravovym osnovam meditsinskoi deiatel’nosti [Guidance on ethical and legal bases of medical activities], M. MEDpress-inform.
• Kharitonova V.I. (2011) Meditsinskaia antropologiia na Zapade i v Rossii, Etnograficheskoe obozrenie [Medical Anthropology in the West and in Russia, Ethnographic Review], № 3, p. 3–10.
• Kharitonova V.I. (2013) Vserossiiskii nauchnyi interdistsiplinarnyi simpozium s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Meditsinskaia antropologiia v Rossii i za ee predelami» [All-Russian Scientific Interdisciplinary Symposium with International Participation “Medical Anthropology in Russia and Beyond”], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, № 5(1) (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=1170).
• Kharitonova V.I., Mikhel’ D.V. (2012) Meditsinskaia antropologiia kak vuzovskaia distsiplina v Rossii [Medical Anthropology as a University Discipline in Russia], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, № 4(2) (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=1121).
• Kharitonova V.I., Khrustalev Iu.M. (2011) Bioetika kak uchebnaia distsiplina v sisteme vysshego obrazovaniia [Bioethics as a Discipline in the Higher Education System], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, № 1 (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=721).
• Kharitonova V.I., Iudin B.G. (2011) «Bioetika – eto ne sovsem to, chto priniato ponimat’ kak nauku…» [“Bioethics is not quite what is commonly understood as a science…”], Medical Anthropology and Bioethics, № 1 (http://www.medanthro.ru/?page_id=754).
• Khrustalev Iu.M. (2011) Bioetika. Filosofiia sokhraneniia zhizni i sberezheniia zdorov’ia: uchebnik dlia studentov [Bioethics. Philosophy of saving life and saving health: a textbook for students], M.: GEOTAR-Media.
• Tsentry bioetiki (kafedry, kursy, eticheskie komitety, obshchestvennye organizatsii i dr.) [Centers of bioethics (departments, courses, ethics committees, public organizations, etc.)] (http://www.bioethics.ru/rus/allcenters/).
• Yudin B.G. (red.) (1998) Bioetika: printsipy, pravila, problem [Bioethics: principles, rules, problems.], M.: Editorial URSS.
• Yudin B.G., Tishchenko P.D. (red.) (1998) Vvedenie v bioetiku: ucheb. posobie [Introduction to Bioethics: Textbook], Moskva: Progress-Traditsiia.